Indian Minerology

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS:- What are the Existing Legislative Provisions regarding safety, health and welfare of mine workers?  Under the Constitution of India, safety, welfare and health of workers employed in mines are the concern of the Central Government (Entry 55- Union List- Article 246). The objective is regulated by the Mines Act, 1952 and the Rules and Regulations framed thereunder which are administered by the Directorate- General of Mines Safety (DGMS), under the Union Ministry of Labour and Employment.  A list of the subordinate legislation under the Mines Act administered by DGMS are –  Coal Mines Regulations, 1957.   Metalliferous Mines Regulations, 1961. Oil Mines Regulations, 1984. Mines Rules, 1955 .  Mines Vocational Training Rules, 1966 . Mines Rescue Rules, 1985. Mines Creche Rules, 1966. 2. How the Compliance of the Provisions are ensured?  T...

Dewatering involves controlling groundwater by pumping, to locally lower groundwater levels in the vicinity of the excavation. The simplest form of dewatering is sump pumping, where groundwater is allowed to enter the excavation where it is then collected in a sump and pumped away by robust solids handling pumps. Sump pumping can be effective in many circumstances, but seepage into the excavation can create the risk of instability and other construction problems. To prevent significant groundwater seepage into the excavation and to ensure stability of excavation side slopes and base it may be necessary to lower groundwater levels in advance of excavation. This is known as ‘pre-drainage’. Pre-drainage methods include: Deep wells Wellpoints Eductors Vacuum wells Horizontal wells Other specialist dewatering techniques are also sometimes used: Relief wells Artificial recharge Siphon drains The selection of the dewatering technique or techniques at a particula...

INTRODUCTION Grinding is the second step of mineral processing and the last stage of the comminution process. The product from a crushing unit is fed to a mill in order to decrease the particle size (sometimes even to 10 microns) for subsequent processing. The reduction ratio is usually large (8 to 25:1 sometimes 500:1). The purpose of grinding differs with the material being ground. For example in a processing plant, the primary purpose is to liberate individual minerals trapped in ores for a subsequent enrichment. In some non-metallic beneficiation, grinding is practiced to satisfy market requirements. In hydro-metallurgical work, exposure of valuable mineral to the leach solution is the main purpose of grinding. PRINCIPLES OF GRINDING: - Grinding is performed in a rotating cylindrical steel vessel which contains crushed ore with a grinding medium free to move inside the mill, lifted by the rotation of the drum, to break the ore to produce a specified product. The grinding med...