Indian Minerology

LHD Machine in Underground Mining: Working, Capacity & Safety LHD (Load Haul Dumper) is one of the most important machines used in underground mining for loading and hauling broken ore from the face to ore passes or dumping points. What is an LHD Machine? An LHD machine is a low-profile underground vehicle designed to work in confined spaces. It performs three operations: loading, hauling, and dumping. Main Parts of LHD Machine Bucket Articulated Frame Engine Hydraulic System Transmission Tyres ROPS/FOPS Cabin Working Principle of LHD Bucket penetrates broken ore Material is loaded LHD hauls material Dumping at ore pass Returns to face LHD Capacity 1 T 3 T 5 T 10 T 14 T Production of LHD LHD production depends on haul distance, bucket size, and cycle time. Safety in LHD Operation Proper ventilation Operator training Speed control Clear signage Regular maintenance Advantages of LHD High productivity Low manpower Flexible operatio...

MSHA Complete Guide: Training, Part 46 vs Part 48, Violations, Penalties & Career Scope Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) is the central authority responsible for regulating mining safety and health in the United States of America. MSHA plays a role similar to DGMS in India , but is globally known for its strict inspections, heavy penalties, and well-structured training system. This complete guide explains MSHA training (Part 46 & Part 48), inspections, violations, penalties, and why MSHA knowledge is critical for mining professionals worldwide . What is MSHA? MSHA is a federal agency under the U.S. Department of Labor , established under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 . Main objectives of MSHA: Prevent mining accidents and fatalities Protect miner health and safety Enforce mining laws across the USA Promote a strong safety culture Types of Mines Regulated by MSHA Coal Mines (Surface & Underground) Metal Mines ...

CMR 2026 Full PDF Download | Coal Mines Regulations 2026 – Indian Minerology CMR 2026 Full PDF Download – Coal Mines Regulations 2026 The Coal Mines Regulations (CMR) 2026 is the latest and most comprehensive regulatory framework issued to enhance safety, health, and operational efficiency in Indian coal mines. These regulations are enforced under the supervision of the Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS) . In this article by Indian Minerology , you can download the CMR 2026 Full PDF and understand the key provisions, amendments, and compliance requirements for mine owners, managers, engineers, and safety officers. 📘 What is CMR 2026? CMR 2026 replaces and updates earlier Coal Mines Regulations by incorporating modern mining practices, advanced safety measures, and international standards. The regulations apply to: Underground coal mines Opencast coal mines Coal handling plants Mine officials and workers 📌 Key Highlights of Coal Mines...

DGMS CMR 2026: Latest Changes in Coal Mines Regulations (CMR 2017) DGMS CMR 2026: Latest Changes in Coal Mines Regulations Explained The Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS) has introduced important updates under the Coal Mines Regulations, 2017 (CMR) during 2025–26 to strengthen safety, supervision, and statutory compliance in coal mines across India. This article explains only the confirmed changes within CMR , without including draft rules or general safety circulars. 1. Amendment in Regulation 30 – Assistant Manager Provisions DGMS has amended Regulation 30 of CMR 2017 through a Gazette Notification to revise requirements related to Assistant Managers . Key Changes The number of Assistant Managers is now linked to mine production and operational scale High-production coal mines must deploy additional Assistant Managers At least one Assistant Manager must hold a First Class Manager’s Certificate in large mines Impact: Thi...

Autonomous Mining Trucks: Working, Benefits & Future of Smart Mining Autonomous mining trucks are revolutionizing surface mining by operating without drivers using GPS, sensors, AI, and control systems. They improve safety, productivity, and cost efficiency. What are Autonomous Mining Trucks? Autonomous mining trucks are self-driving haul trucks that transport material without human drivers. They are monitored from a central control room. Main Components of Autonomous Haulage System (AHS) GPS & GNSS positioning Lidar, Radar & Cameras Onboard Computers Wireless Communication Network Central Control System Working Principle Truck receives haul route from control system Sensors detect obstacles and terrain Truck hauls material autonomously Automatic dumping at designated point Returns to loading point Advantages of Autonomous Mining Trucks Improved safety (no driver exposure) Consistent cycle time Lower operating cost 24×7 operation Reduced fuel...

Electric Mining Machinery: Future of Sustainable Mining Industry Electric mining machinery is transforming the mining industry by reducing fuel cost, carbon emissions, and operating expenses. With the global focus on sustainability, electric equipment is becoming the future of mining. What is Electric Mining Machinery? Electric mining machinery uses electric power instead of diesel fuel for operation. These machines can be powered by batteries, overhead lines, or direct electric supply. Types of Electric Mining Machinery Electric Dump Trucks Battery Powered LHD Electric Excavators Trolley Assist Trucks Electric Drills Why Electric Mining Machinery is Important? Zero emissions Low operating cost Reduced noise pollution High energy efficiency Better working environment Electric vs Diesel Mining Machinery Parameter Electric Diesel Operating Cost Low High Emissions Zero High Maintenance Low High Initial Cost High Medium Cost of Electri...

Fuel Consumption of Mining Machinery Fuel consumption of mining machinery is a major operating cost in opencast mining. Proper monitoring and control of fuel usage can significantly reduce cost per tonne . Why Fuel Consumption is Important in Mining? Fuel cost = 30–40% of operating cost Affects cost per tonne Direct impact on mine profitability Important for production planning Fuel Consumption of Major Mining Machinery 1. Dump Truck Fuel Consumption Truck Capacity Fuel Consumption (Liters/hour) 35–50 T 15 – 25 85 T 25 – 35 100 T 35 – 45 170 T 50 – 65 240 T 70 – 90 2. Hydraulic Shovel Fuel Consumption Bucket Capacity Fuel Consumption (Liters/hour) 5–10 m³ 25 – 40 10–20 m³ 40 – 60 20–40 m³ 60 – 90 3. Excavator Fuel Consumption Bucket Capacity Fuel Consumption (Liters/hour) 1–2 m³ 10 – 15 3–5 m³ 15 – 25 5–8 m³ 25 – 35 Fuel Consumption Formula Fuel Consumption per Tonne = Fuel Used per Hour / P...